Page 61 - Canine-Diseases

Symptoms of retrobulbar abscess are bulging eyes, discharge contents. Infecting the dog include two important species,
from around the eye, fever, foul breath, anorexia, pain on eating, Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina. They are usually white
redness around the eye, squinting, swelling around the eye, and or light brown and a few inches long. Dogs may become infected
unilateral nasal discharge. by sniffing or licking infected feces and can also be spread by
other animals such as rodents, earthworms, roaches and birds.
Reverse sneezing: Also known as known as paroxysmal Roundworm larvae (immature worms) can migrate and encyst
respiration, is a common phenomenon in dogs and it may look throughout the host’s body. The most common consequence of
disturbing. When dogs reverse sneeze, they typically stand, extend roundworms is growth reduction. Signs are usually mild, but may
their head and neck, pull back their lips, and inhale repeatedly include diarrhea, pot-bellied appearance, weight loss, coughing,
and forcefully through their nose. A distinctive, loud “snorking” dull coat, poor growth, and worms vomited up or visible in stools.
sound is heard each time they inhale. It is suspected to be caused Roundworms are extremely common parasites in dogs. Almost all
by irritation or inflammation of the nasal, pharyngeal, or sinus dogs have roundworms at some point in their lives, most often in
passages. Nasal mites, small parasites that can infest the nasal puppyhood. Roundworms do pose a significant risk to humans.
passages and sinuses of dogs, are another possible cause of reverse Contact with contaminated soil or dog feces can result in human
sneezing. A tracheal collapse is of a more serious nature than a ingestion and infection. Children should not be allowed to play
reverse sneeze. It affects all types of dogs, but more commonly where animals have passed feces.
smaller dogs such as Miniatures, Terriers, and brachycephalic
breeds. Ruptured cranial cruciate ligament: The cranial cruciate
ligament (known as the anterior cruciate ligament in humans)
Ringworm: Dermatophytosis is the medical term for the fungal is one of several ligaments in the stifle (knee) that connect the
infection affecting the skin, hair, and/or nails (claws) that is femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone). It is one of the most
more commonly referred to as ringworm which is caused by important stabilizers inside the canine knee (stifle) joint. This
Microsporum canis (70%), Microsporum gypseum (20%), and ligament can be torn as a result of an acute traumatic event or
Trichophyton mentagrophytes (10%). Ringworm fungi feed on the due to a slow progressive breakdown over time due to genetic,
keratin that is found in the outer layers of skin, hair and nails. conformational, and/or immune mediated processes within the
The affected hair follicles are brittle and break easily, which helps joint. 40-60% of dogs that have cranial cruciate ligament disease
spread the disease. Dogs often catch ringworm through direct in one knee will, at some future time, develop a similar problem
contact with animals or people who have ringworm themselves, in the other knee. Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament is one
some of whom may have little or no clinical evidence of the disease. of the most common reasons for hind limb lameness, pain, and
Ringworm fungus can also be spread through contaminated objects subsequent knee arthritis. Ruptured cruciate ligaments most often
like bedding, brushes, clippers, and cages. Typical signs in dogs affect young, large breed dogs. Certain dog breeds are known
include hair loss (circular patches), dandruff (scales), dry brittle to have a higher incidence of cranial cruciate ligament disease
hair, rough, brittle claws, poor hair coat, reddened or ulcerated including Rottweilers, Newfoundlands, Staffordshire Terriers,
skin, and crusting of the skin. Ringworm is contagious to people Mastiffs, Akitas, Saint Bernards, Chesapeake Bay Retrievers, and
and is caught through touching an infected dog. Labrador Retrievers while others are less often affected including
Greyhounds, Dachshunds, Basset Hounds, and Old English
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF): Is an infectious, Sheepdogs.
tick-borne disease caused by the organism Rickettsia rickettsii.
The organism is carried by ticks and transmitted through bite to
a host animal. The most common tick to transmit this disease S
is the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis). Others
include the wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) and the brown
dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). Infected female ticks can
pass the rickettsial organisms to their eggs, and male ticks can Salivary mucocele: A salivary mucocele, or sialocele, is a
transmit the organism to females during mating. Ticks can also collection of saliva that has leaked from a damaged salivary gland
become infected by feeding on an infected animal. The signs and or salivary duct, and has accumulated in the surrounding tissues.
symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever vary according to the Types of salivary mucocele are 1. Cervical mucocele - the saliva
type of disease the dog has. Most dogs will develop a fever within collects in the upper neck region, under the jaw, or in between the
five days of contracting Rickettsia rickettsii. Other symptoms jaw; 2. Ranula mucocele - the saliva collects beneath the tongue
include depression, lethargy, anorexia, hematuria (blood in alongside the tongue; 3. Zygomatic mucocele - the saliva collects
urine), arrhythmia (irregular heart beat),discolored spots along around the eye; and 4. Pharyngeal mucocele - the saliva collects
the skin, ataxia (inability to walk normally), edema, bleeding mostly in the back of the throat. Salivary mucoceles are typically
from nose, difficulty with blood clotting, swollen lymph nodes, soft and non-painful, unless a secondary bacterial infection is
and inflammation, hemorrhage, or conjunctivitis in the mucosal present. Trauma such as from choke collars, bite wounds, sudden
membranes, most commonly in the eyes. hyperextension of the neck, or chewing on foreign materials
is generally considered to be the most likely initiating event.
Roundworms: Also known as ascarids, are parasites that live Symptoms include swelling of the neck, swelling under the tongue,
freely in the intestine, feeding off of partially digested intestinal difficult swallowing, breathing difficulties, secondary bacterial

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