Page 56 - Canine-Diseases

the prostate gland occurs more commonly in male dogs who have the eyelids. See Cherry eye.
not been neutered. Acute prostatitis is associated with malaise,
pain, and fever. Dehydration, septicemia, and shock may occur in Pruritus: Is defined as an unpleasant sensation within the skin
severe cases. Chronic bacterial prostatitis may cause no clinical that provokes the desire to scratch, rub, chew, or lick hair and
signs except recurrent urinary tract infection. skin. It is common in many types of skin disorders. Itching and
scratching are commonly associated with flea allergy dermatitis,
Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE): Is defined as the loss of protein food allergies, seasonal allergies, contact dermatitis, sarcoptic
from the intestines due to intestinal disease. Often, this results in mange and other allergic skin diseases. In addition, itching may
a decreased serum albumin concentration (hypoalbuminemia), also develop because of bacterial or yeast infections. A dog with
sometimes this is accompanied by a decreased serum globulin pruritus will excessively scratch, bite, or lick its skin. Itching may
concentration (hypoglobulinemia). PLE is not a specific disease, be general or confined to one area.
but rather describes a group of diseases that cause the loss of
proteins from the bloodstream into the gastrointestinal tract. Pseudocoprostasis: Is a condition that occurs when fecal matter
Excessive loss of protein can occur through the gastrointestinal becomes matted in the hair surrounding the anal opening. Once
tract as a result of gastrointestinal disease, lymphatic diseases, and this occurs, the passage of additional feces becomes quite difficult
congestive heart failure. Primary intestinal disease causing PLE and complete obstruction of the anus can occur. In addition, the
mainly consists of lymphangiectesia, inflammatory bowel disease, feces against the skin can make the area become irritated and
crypt lesions and intestinal mucosal ulcerative damage. Diarrhea infected. When left unattended, the fecal mats can attract flies that
is one common sign of PLE. Symptoms of PLE include decreased will the lay eggs resulting in a maggot infestation which causes
appetite, vomiting, diarrhea (blood-tinged and mucoid), lethargy, more irritation to the dog’s skin. This condition is most common in
weight loss, pot-bellied appearance, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), longhaired dogs who have suffered a bout of diarrhea. Symptoms
legs and feet may be puffy or swollen. Some breeds have been include straining to defecate, scooting, foul or fecal odor, and large
demonstrated to be particularly at risk and they include Yorkshire amount of matted hair around anus.
Terriers, Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers, Norwegian Lundehunds,
and Basenjis. Pseudocyesis: Also known as false pregnancy, is a term used to
describe the behavior and physical signs of pregnancy when they
Protothecosis: Is caused by a mutant form of green algae. occur in a non-pregnant female dog usually 6 to 12 weeks after
Prototheca spp are colorless algae related to the green algae estrus (heat). A hormonal imbalance is thought to play a central
of the genus Chlorella. There are three recognized species of role in affected female dogs. Clinical signs include nesting, weight
Prototheca organisms: Prototheca zopfii, Prototheca wickerhamii, gain, mammary enlargement, lactation and maternal behaviour.
and Prototheca stagnora. A fourth species has also been proposed
which is Prototheca salmonis. Of these species, only P. zopfii and Pseudomonas: A gram negative rod-shaped anaerobic bacterium.
P. wickerhamii have been found to be pathogenic. Prototheca Can be present on the skin surface without resulting in disease
organisms can be found in abundance in nature in sources such but may act as a secondary invader of skin lesions. Pseudomonas
as raw or treated sewage, the slime flux of trees, animal waste, aeruginosa has a special affinity for areas of increased moisture
soil, food, and flowing or standing water. There are two forms suggesting that hyperhidrosis is a fundamental components of
of the disease, systemic and cutaneous. In the systemic form, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. In dogs, Pseudomonas otitis
organism is swallowed, infects the gastrointestinal tract, and then externa (ear infection) is the principal disease process caused
may spread to other areas in the body through the bloodstream by this organism. Otitis externa is a multifactorial syndrome
or the lymph system. In the cutaneous form, the disease enters characterized by skin inflammation in the exterior ear canal. Otitis
through puncture wounds, cuts, or abrasions to the skin. Canine externa caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized with a
protothecosis is a rare disease that has the ability to cause severe large amount of purulent exudate, severe inflammation, ulceration,
gastrointestinal pathology as well as ocular, cutaneous, and discomfort and pain.
disseminated disease. In the systemic form of protothecosis, the Pseudorabies (Suid herpesvirus 1): Is a highly fatal viral disease
most common clinical sign is intermittent, bloody diarrhea or caused by a herpes virus. Also referred to as Aujeszky’s disease,
black, tarry feces. Weight loss, vomiting, and straining to defecate it is usually associated with contact with swine. Other than direct
is also seen. If the infection spreads to the eyes, one or more eye contact with swine, dogs may contract the pseudorabies virus
may be inflamed, painful, and blind. If the central nervous system by eating contaminated, uncooked meat or offal from swine, or
is infected, neck pain, head tilt, lethargy, circling, ataxia (wobbly by ingesting infected rats. This disease progresses rapidly, and
gait, lack of coordination), seizures, and weakness or partial death usually occurs within 48 hours. When symptoms do occur,
paralysis may be seen. The cutaneous form is less common than they include excessive salivation, intense itching, and neurologic
the systemic form in dogs. Skin lesions consist of nodules and behavioral changes. Because of the extreme itching it causes,
draining ulcers on the legs and trunk. Thickening of the outer layer pseudorabies is sometimes referred to as “mad itch.” The condition
of the skin may be seen. Occasionally, the infection may spread to can affect most commonly in farm dogs and those who travel in
nearby lymph nodes, causing them to enlarge.
packs.
Protrusion of third eyelid: Protrusion, prolapse or elevation of Pug Dog encephalitis (PDE): Also known as necrotizing
the third eyelid refers to the abnormal elevation of the smooth meningoencephalitis (NME), it is a unique form of brain
inner eyelid located between the cornea and the inside corner of

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