Page 57 - Canine-Diseases

inflammation affecting adolescent and young adult Pugs. It is fused together. Sometimes the supporting structure known as
believed to be a genetic condition, as littermates and closely related the annulus is also narrow. Dogs that have this congenital defect
dogs are often affected. Recent research suggest that pug dog have a wide range of stenosis to include very mild to severe
encephalitis may be autoimmune in nature. Typically PDE strikes obstruction to blood flow from the heart to the lungs. There are
adolescent Pugs under the age of three. Female, fawn-colored three types of pulmonic stenosis: valvular pulmonic stenosis
Pug Dogs younger than 7 years of age are more apt to develop (occurring in the valve), subvalvular pulmonic stenosis (occurring
PDE than older, male and non-fawn colored individuals. In many below the valve), and supravalvular pulmonic stenosis (just inside
cases, the symptoms of PDE will progress rapidly (in a matter of the pulmonary artery). Valvular pulmonic stenosis is the most
days or weeks) and result in sudden death, usually due to a seizure. common form seen in dogs. Signs include exercise intolerance,
Approximately 1.2% of Pug dogs die of PDE. Symptoms include dyspnea (difficulty breathing), syncope (fainting), and abdominal
behavioral changes, seizures, neck stiffness, head tilt, pressing distension. The most commonly affected breeds include Boston
head against walls or objects, disorientation, loss of coordination, Terriers, Jack Russel terriers, Airedale Terriers, Beagles, Cocker
walking in circles, depression, lethargy, weakness, and blindness. Spaniels, English Bulldogs, Miniature Schnauzers, Chihuahuas,
Samoyeds, Beagles, Keeshonds, Labrador retrievers, Bullmastiffs,
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF): Is a chronic and progressive disease Boxers, West Highland White Terriers, and Newfoundlands.
characterized by development of scarring in the lungs for which
there is no cure. The reactive scarring of the lungs results in Puppy strangles: Also known as juvenile cellulitis, is a nodular
fibrotic tissue buildup, where the tissue becomes excessively and pustular skin disorder that affects puppies. It usually occurs
thick, reducing the ability of the affected sacs to pass oxygen into between the ages of three weeks and four months. In rare cases,
the blood stream. Classic pulmonary fibrosis is thought to be an juvenile cellulitis can also affect young adult dogs and has been
inflammatory disease that results from chronic injury and healing of reported in dogs up to four years old. The first sign of juvenile
the lung tissue. Conditions such as pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, cellulitis is usually an acute swelling of the face and muzzle. This
congestive heart failure, and environmental pollutants damage the generalized swelling is typically followed by the development of
pleural tissue. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a non-inflammatory raised bumps and pustules over the face, muzzle, and ears. Over
and progressive fibrotic lung disease with no identifiable cause. time, these pustules may rupture and crust over, resulting in heavy
Symptoms include cyanosis (blue color of the tongue), lethargy, scabbing across the affected areas. Golden retrievers, Dachshunds,
anorexia, cough, shortness of breath, increased respiratory rate, Gordon Setters, and Siberian Huskies seem to be predisposed.
panting, wheezing, syncope (dizziness and fainting), pulmonary
hypertension, and exercise intolerance. Average life expectancy Pustule: An accumulation of purulent material within the
for a dog diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis is 12 to 18 months. epidermis. In dogs, the most important cause of pustular lesions
Breeds predisposed to pulmonary fibrosis include West Highland is infection with Staphylococcus intermedius (i.e. pyoderma).
White Terriers, Cairn Terriers, Scottish Terriers, Jack Russell However, pustules may be a feature of sterile, immune-mediated
Terriers, Bull Terriers, American Staffordshire Terriers, Yorkshire diseases (e.g. pemphigus foliaceus). Dogs with short coats such
Terriers, Bichon Frises, and Shi-Tzus. West Highland White as Boxers, Bulldogs, and Rottweilers are the breeds most likely to
Terriers are the breed most affected by pulmonary fibrosis. have this condition
Pulmonary hypertension: Is high pressure in the pulmonary Pyelonephritis: Generally refers to inflammation of the renal
artery. The right ventricle is enlarged, while the left ventricle fills pelvis, the funnel-like part of the ureter, and adjacent renal
abnormally. Several abnormalities can lead to high blood pressure parenchyma. Most cases of pyelonephritis are caused by an
in the arteries of the lungs. These include: narrowing of the arteries ascending bacterial infection from the distal urogenital tract
or capillaries of the lungs; blockage of the pulmonary artery; high rather than hematogenous spread from a systemic infection. The
blood pressure within the left atrium which leads to an increase in bacteria most commonly implicated are Escherichia coli and
blood pressure in the capillaries of the lungs; excessive blood flow Staphylococcus. Other bacteria that may be found include Proteus,
into the arteries of the lungs; and developmental disorder of the Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas, which
blood vessels of the lungs; pulmonary hypertension include canine frequently infect the lower urinary tract and may move up into the
heartworm disease; Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism); upper urinary tract. Risk factors for pyelonephritis include ectopic
bacteria in the blood; immune-mediated diseases; and inflammation ureters, vesicoureteral reflux, renal dysplasia, diabetes mellitus,
of the pancreas. Symptoms include exercise intolerance, dyspnea Cushing’s syndrome, urine retention, and bladder or kidney
(difficulty breathing), tachypnea (rapid breathing), coughing, stone. Symptoms include polydipsia (excessive thirst or excess
spitting up blood, syncope (fainting), weight loss heart murmur, drinking), polyuria (increased or excessive urination), dysuria
cyanosis (Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes), (painful urination), and urinary hesitancy (difficulty starting or
distended jugular veins, fluid buildup, and sudden death. Most dogs maintaining a urine stream), kidney or flank pain, fever, malaise,
with pulmonary hypertension are small-breed and middle-aged to and sometimes vomiting.
older, which coincides with the high prevalence of pulmonary
hypertension in patients with degenerative mitral valve disease. Pyloric obstruction/stenosis: Obstruction of the pylorus, the
lower portion of the stomach that leads into the small intestine,
Pulmonic stenosis: Is a congenital heart defect of the semilunar is caused by a thickening of muscle and mucosa, leading to
valve that is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary obstruction of flow of food or water through the stomach. Gastric
artery. The leaflets of this valve are thickened and/or partially outflow obstruction results in the accumulation of ingested solids

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