Page 55 - Canine-Diseases

bronchioles and alveoli. Of the primary lung tumors in dogs, ≥80% Proprioceptive deficits: Are abnormal body positions or movements
are malignant. Adenocarcinoma and alveolar carcinoma are the due to a lack of normal perception that causes abnormal placement
most common types. Metastatic spread of primary lung tumors of legs, abnormal limb position at rest (legs crossed or paws turned
is generally to other areas of the lungs, tracheobronchial lymph under), and abnormal wearing of the toes. Proprioception deficits
nodes, bone, and brain. Intrapulmonary spread via the airways can be acute or chronic. Acute proprioceptive deficit is when a dog
occurs in ~50% of dogs with adenocarcinoma. Metastatic spread injures themselves and chronic proprioceptive deficit is typically
to the pleurae, pericardium, heart, and diaphragm may occur; associated with dogs that suffer from a degenerative disc disease or
miscellaneous extrathoracic sites include liver, spleen, and kidney. some other form of health issue that negatively impacts the spine
Common signs include cough, anorexia, weight loss, reduced which includes pinched nerves or inflammation of certain muscles
exercise tolerance, lethargy, tachypnea, dyspnea, wheezing, along the spine. The symptoms most commonly associated with
vomiting or regurgitation, pyrexia, and lameness. The most proprioceptive deficits include worn nails due to dogs dragging
common clinical findings in dogs are cough, dyspnea, lethargy, their paws in a strange manner whether from time to time or all
and weight loss. Primary lung tumors is most common in older the while, staggering and dragging paws, paws knuckling over,
dogs, but no specific breed or sex is predisposed. unable to place paws on the ground properly, and sleeping in odd
positions.
Proctitis: Is an inflammation of dog’s rectum, which is the last
part of the large intestine just before the anal opening. One of the Prostate cancer: It accounts for 0.67% of all reported malignancies
most common causes of proctitis is colitis. Other causes include in dogs. Prostate cancer has a very high metastatic potential and
gastrointestinal parasites such as tapeworms or whipworms, can spread to organs like the lungs, bones and lymph nodes.
trauma, allergic disease, and tumors or polyps. In addition, since Prostatic adenocarcinoma is seen in both intact and neutered dogs.
the colon is also a part of the large intestine, inflammation of the There are two types of prostate cancers in dogs: adenocarcinoma
colon that spreads to the rectum results in proctitis. Apart from this, which originates from the prostate’s glandular tissue. This type
dogs suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, allergic reactions is more common and malignant. Transitional cell carcinoma
and intestinal parasite infections like whipworms and tapeworms which originates from the urethra lining in the prostate. It grows
develop proctitis. In addition, tumors in the large intestine can lead slowly and is malignant. Clinical signs may include general pain,
to swelling and internal inflammation of the rectum. Symptoms debilitation and weight loss. Due to the enlargement of the prostate
include constipation, straining to defecate, crying while defecating, gland, it may push itself up against the wall of the urethra. This
bloody stools, frequent licking of anus, and diarrhea. Boxers exerts pressure on the penis leading to stranguria (difficulty with
appear to be particularly affected by the condition. urination) and hematuria (blood in the urine). Other abnormalities
include lameness in the hind leg, humped back, weird posture
Progressive juvenile nephropathy: Is characterized by the while urinating, urge to urinate more frequently but not producing
development of severe bilateral renal fibrosis in young dogs. The sufficient urine and taking shorter steps while walking. Prostate
kidneys are typically small, deformed, and never fully mature. cancer can develop in any breed, but it most commonly affects
This condition often results in poor kidney function and, in many large breeds, and like most carcinomas, it affects older dogs
cases, kidney failure. See Renal dysplasia. between the ages of 9-10 years.

Progressive retinal degeneration (PRA): Also known as Prostatic abscess: Is a localized walled off pocket of infection
progressive rod and cone degeneration, is a group of degenerative within or adjacent to the prostate gland. The contents of prostatic
diseases that affect photoreceptor cells. With this disease, the cells abscess contain white blood cells, bacteria, and cellular debris.
deteriorate over time, eventually leading to blindness in the affected Prostatic abscesses may develop subsequent to suppurative
dog. PRA can be divided into either dysplastic disease, where prostatitis. Alternatively, they may develop due to secondary
the cells develop abnormally, and degenerative, where the cells infection of prostatic cysts. Escherichia coli is the most
develop normally but then degenerate during the dog’s lifetime. common agent of prostatic infections. Proteus spp, Klebsiella
Usually, the first sign of progressive retinal atrophy is nyctalopia spp, Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp,
(night blindness), including a reluctance to go outside at night or Mycoplasma spp, and Brucella spp have also been isolated from
to navigate unfamiliar areas in dimness or darkness. Other signs prostatic abscesses. Dogs with prostatic abscesses may present
can include reluctance to jump on or off furniture during darkness, with signs of systemic illness (e.g., pyrexia, anorexia, lethargy) and
decreased menace response, cloudy or opaque eye surface, grayish may show moderate to severe pain during defecation, urination,
discoloration of the surface of the eye, greenish sheen to the eye, and abdominal palpation. Prostatic abscesses occur rarely in dogs.
cataracts, bumping in obstacles, stumbling over objects, pawing at They occur more commonly in intact male dogs, and older dogs
the air when going downstairs, and reluctance to navigate stairs. are at greater risk.
Dog breed predisposed to PRA include Alaskan Malamutes,
Belgian Shepherds, Briards, Cardigan Welsh Corgis, Collie, Irish Prostatic tumors: See Prostate cancer.
Setters, Mastiffs, and Miniature Schnauzers, Akitas, American
and English Cocker Spaniels, Dachshunds, Labrador Retrievers, Prostatitis: Inflammation of the canine prostate gland usually is
Papillons, Poodles (Miniature and Toy), Portuguese Water Dogs, suppurative, and acute prostatitis may result in abscesses. Chronic
Samoyeds, Siberian Huskies, Tibetan Spaniels, Tibetan Terriers, prostatitis occurs secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Border Collies, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, and Bacteria causing prostatitis include E. coli, Staphylococcus spp.,
Shetland Sheepdogs. Streptococcus spp., and Mycoplasma spp. Bacterial infection of

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