Page 33 - Canine-Diseases

opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm where the esophagus joins the Collies, Springer Spaniels and Golden Retrievers. Histiocytic
stomach. Hiatal hernia refers to the protrusion of the abdominal sarcomas are predominantly found in middle-aged to older animals.
contents into the chest cavity through the esophageal hiatus of The tumors are common in the Bernese Mountain Dogs and also
the diaphragm. The symptoms most commonly associated with have a predilection for Rottweilers, Flat-coated Retrievers, and
hiatal hernias include vomiting, regurgitation, anorexia, excessive Golden Retrievers.
salivation, bloody vomiting and difficulty breathing. English
Bulldogs, Pugs, and Shar Peis seem to have a higher incidence of Histoplasmosis: Is a chronic, noncontagious, disseminated,
hiatal hernias than other breeds. granulomatous disease caused by the dimorphic fungus
Histoplasma capsulatum that affects both dogs and humans. The
Hip dysplasia: Is a deformity of the hip joint (coxofemoral joint) organism is commonly found in soil that contains bird and bat
that occurs during the dog’s growth period. Hip dysplasia may manure. Dogs usually ingest the fungus when they eat or inhale
be caused by a femur that does not fit correctly into the pelvic contaminated soil or bird droppings. The lungs and thoracic lymph
socket, or poorly developed muscles in the pelvic area. It is a nodes are the sites of primary infection, although the GI tract may
painful, crippling disease that causes a dog’s hip to weaken, also be a primary site of infection, especially in dogs. The most
deteriorate and become arthritic. Signs of hip dysplasia include common symptoms for dogs are dyspnea (labored or difficulty in
hind leg lameness, pain when touched in hip or pelvis area, breathing), chronic cough, persistent diarrhea with straining, and
audible clicking sound coming from hips while walking, hind leg tarry or bloody stools. Other potential signs may include lack of
muscles atrophy, noticeable enlargement of the shoulder muscles appetite, weight loss, depression, lymphadenitis (enlarged lymph
as they compensate for the hind end lack of coordination in the nodes), unable to exercise, lameness, fever, pale and yellowish
hind quarters, “bunny hopping” where both legs move together, discoloration of the gums, jaundice, and enlargement of the liver
difficulty or reluctance rising, jumping, running, or climbing stairs, and spleen. Most dogs that become clinically infected with H.
and abnormal gait. Mostly, canine hip dysplasia a genetic condition, capsulatum participate in outdoor activities in endemic areas,
though environmental and dietary factors also contribute to the especially dogs housed outdoors or used for tracking and hunting
problem. It is common in many dog breeds, particularly the larger such as English Pointers, Weimaraners, Brittany Spaniels, and
breeds. Some breeds that are more likely to genetically inherit hip Coonhounds.
dysplasia include German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden
Retrievers, Rottweilers, Saint Bernards, Newfoundlands, Old Hives: are commonly the result of an allergic reaction in dogs. See
English Sheepdogs, Great Danes, Neopolitan Mastiffs, American Urticaria.
Staffordshire Terriers, Otterhounds, Bloodhounds, Chesapeake
Bay Retrievers, Norwegian Elkhounds, Chow Chows, Pugs, Hookworms (Ancylostomiasis): A common intestinal parasite of
French Bulldogs, and Basset Hounds. the dogs that get their name for their hook-like mouthparts, which
they use to attach themselves to the intestinal wall and to feed off
Histiocytoma: One of the most common canine skin neoplasms, of the tiny blood vessels in the intestinal lining. Most common is
generally considered benign. They originate in the Langerhans Ancylostoma caninum, followed by Uncinaria stenocephala and
cells, immune cells that function to provide protective immunity A. braziliense. Its eggs are ejected into the digestive tract and pass
to the tissues that are in contact with the outer environment such into the environment through the dog’s feces. Larvae that hatch
as the nose, stomach, intestines and lungs, but mainly the skin’s from hookworm eggs live in the soil. Dogs accidentally ingest the
surface. They are small, firm, dome or button-shaped masses on larvae by sniffing or eating contaminated soil or feces. They can also
the skin surface and are fast growing, solitary, painless, and may ingest larvae by grooming their paws or by drinking contaminated
become ulcerated. Common sites are the head, ear edges, and water, and larvae can burrow into the skin of unsuspecting dogs
limbs. Flat-coated Retrievers, Bull Terriers, Scottish Terriers, if the dog lies on contaminated soil. The most significant clinical
Greyhounds, Boston Terriers, Sher-Pies, Boxers, English Bulldogs, signs are related to intestinal distress and life-threatening anemia.
French Bulldogs, Dachshunds, Cocker Spaniels, Great Danes, and Other symptoms of hookworm infestation include pale gums,
Shetland Sheepdogs are predisposed than other breeds. anorexia, poor growth, bloody diarrhea, vomiting, itchy paws,
weakness, weight loss, and death.
Histiocytosis: refers to an abnormally large amount of histiocytes
(macrophages and dendritic cells), which are the white blood Horner’s syndrome: Results from dysfunction of the sympathetic
cells in the immune system. There are several different types nerves of the eyes and surrounding facial muscles. Signs include
of histiocytosis, which are reactive histiocytosis (includes enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (constricted pupil), elevated
cutaneous and systemic), canine cutaneous histiocytoma, and third eyelid, ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid), and increased
histiocytic sarcoma complex (includes histiocytic sarcoma and pink color and warmth of the ear and nose on the affected side. The
malignant histiocytosis). Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis and onset of Horner’s syndrome can be sudden and without warning.
canine cutaneous histiocytoma are benign skin tumors. Systemic Usually the syndrome in dogs is idiopathic, but it can also be
reactive histiocytosis causes skin tumors that progress to the vital caused by a bite wound or blunt trauma, a tumor or intervertebral
organs and bone marrow and can be unresponsive to treatment. disc disease. Middle or inner ear disease (otitis media or interna)
Histiocytic sarcoma is a malignant tumor that can spread quickly can also cause Horner’s Syndrome. Golden retrievers and Cocker
without treatment. Malignant histiocytosis is an aggressive disease Spaniels have a somewhat higher incidence of Horner’s syndrome.
with several tumors that progresses quickly and is usually fatal.
Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis affects mainly young dogs, often Hot spot: Also known as acute moist dermatitis or pyotraumatic

33 Alphavetscience.com