Page 72 - Canine-Diseases

Lesions are often exudative and can produce a large quantity of (which keeps the bladder closed) lies at the beginning of the
straw-colored fluid in the thorax. Cases in dogs are associated with urethra, urethritis may cause urinary incontinence. Conversely,
repeated aerosol exposure from living with humans infected with urethritis may also obstruct urine flow. Causes of urethritis in dogs
tuberculosis, or consuming contaminated sputa, milk, or tissue. can include bacterial infection of the bladder, prostate or vagina,
Common signs include fever, anorexia, vomiting weight loss, and bladder stones, injury to the bladder or urethra, chronic active
harsh, non-productive cough. Tuberculosis is a contagious disease granulomatous urethritis, squamous or transitional cell carcinoma,
and a zoonotic disease. and use of urinary catheter. Dogs with urethritis typically have
pain during urination. They make frequent attempts to urinate,
Tularemia: Is an uncommon illness caused by toxins in the blood strain while urinating, and have urgency to urinate. Blood in the
produced by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. The bacteria is urine may be more pronounced at the beginning of urination. A
transmitted by ticks, which includes the American dog tick, the painful abdomen may also be a symptom.
Lone Star tick, and the Rocky Mountain wood tick, along with other
types of ticks. It most often affects rabbits and cats but can also Urinary bladder cancer: Accounts for approximately 2% of all
affect dogs or even humans. Also commonly known as rabbit fever reported malignancies in dogs. Cancer of the urinary tract in dogs
for its mode of transmission, even while it can infect several types can affect the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, prostate, or urethra.
of animals and be transmitted via any infected animal. Infection is The most common cancer of the dog urinary bladder is invasive
often transmitted by ingestion of an infected animal tissue, or by transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of intermediate to high grade.
tick, mite, flea or mosquito bite. In addition, the bacteria can also TCC is also called urothelial carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that
be acquired by ingestion of contaminated water, or through contact develops from the transitional epithelial cells that line the bladder
with infected soil, where the organism can remain in an infectious and invades into the deeper layers of the bladder wall including
state for up to several months. The bacterium may also infect a dog the muscle layers. The cause of urinary bladder cancer depends
through its skin, or by entering its airways, eyes or gastrointestinal on multiple factors including exposure to topical insecticides and
system. Symptoms include sudden onset of fever, enlargement herbicides, obesity, cyclophosphamide administration are believed
of lymph nodes, white patches or ulcers on the tongue, anorexia, to be the probable risk factors. Clinical signs include hematuria
dehydration, and lethargy. (blood in the urine), dysuria (painful urination), pollakiuria
(frequent daytime urination), and sometimes lameness caused by
U hypertrophic osteopathy (bone disease). Breeds such as Scottish
Terriers, Shetland Sheepdogs, Airedales Terriers, Beagles, West
Highland White Terriers and Wirehaired Fox Terriers are highly
predisposed. In a vast majority of studies, female predilection has
been found to be a predominant factor.
Umbilical hernia: is a protrusion of the abdominal lining,
abdominal fat or a portion of abdominal organ(s) through the Urinary incontinence: Is the involuntary passing of urine. In
area around the umbilicus (navel). An umbilical hernia is caused adult dogs it is most commonly seen in large spayed females. The
by the incomplete closure of the umbilical ring after birth. They lack of estrogens in spayed dogs has been linked to development
are very common and can be caused by genetics or by traction of incontinence. Young animals may have a birth defect causing
on the umbilical cord or by the cord being cut too close to the incontinence. The most common birth defect that causes
body. Umbilical hernias that do not close may require surgery, incontinence in young dogs is ectopic ureter(s). Other causes
especially if a portion of an intestinal organ protrudes through it. for urinary incontinence in dogs include urinary tract infection,
The prevalence of umbilical hernias in certain breeds and certain urolithiasis, weak bladder sphincter, prostate disorders, hormonal
family lines indicates a genetic predisposition and are most imbalance, spinal injury or degeneration, protruding intervertebral
commonly found in the Airedale Terriers, Pekinese and Basenji disc, diabetes, Cushing’s disease, and age. Symptoms include
breeds. incontinence and excessive licking of the vulva or penis area.
Siberian Huskies are most often affected. Other breeds that have
Ureterolithiasis: Is a condition involving the formation of stones a higher occurrence of urinary incontinence include Miniature
that may lodge into and block a dog’s ureter, which is the tiny Poodles, Labrador Retrievers, Collies, Welsh Corgis, Wire-haired
tubular structure through which the urine passes from the kidney Fox Terriers, and West Highland White Terriers.
to the bladder. The stones originate in the kidneys and pass down
into the ureter. Most of the ureteroliths in dogs (>30% to 60%) Urinary tract infection (UTI): A urinary tract infection is defined
are composed of calcium oxalate. The underlying cause may as an infection caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites in the urinary
include genetic factors, urinary tract infections, cancer, and diet. tract, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Ureterolithiasis is the most common cause of ureteral obstructions UTIs typically result from normal skin and GI tract flora ascending
in dogs and most dogs with ureterolithiasis are small Terrier or toy the urinary tract and overcoming the normal urinary tract defenses
breeds. that prevent colonization. Bacterial UTI is the most common
infectious disease of dogs, affecting 14% of all dogs during
Urethritis: Is an inflammation of the urethra due to injury, their lifetime. The most common types of bacteria cultured from
infection or cancer. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the urine of dogs with cystitis are E. coli, Staphylococcus spp.,
the bladder to the outside. Because the bladder sphincter muscle Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae,

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