Page 47 - Canine-Diseases

on the host body i.e., dermal, subdermal, nasopharyngeal, internal Nasal depigmentation: Also called nasal hypopigmentation,
organs, intestinal and urogenital. This is more common in the Dudley nose or snow nose, is a condition in which the dog’s nose
warm summer months when flies are laying their eggs, and is much becomes lighter. Dogs are born with a black nasal planum and the
more prominent in hot, humid environments. Dogs with festering colour fades to brown or whitish over time due to loss of pigment
wounds, chronic skin problems, or mobility impairment issues are in the nasal planum (Dudley nose). Generally associated with
more likely to develop this disease. Fly larvae cause alopecia and ulcerative diseases or those affecting the basal cell layer of the
erosion/ulceration and may enter body cavities. Secondary skin epidermis. Reduction in pigment in some breeds may be seasonal
infection is common and peritonitis/septicemia may be associated (Snow nose). Nasal depigmentation has been reported in several
with entry to the body cavity. With a severe infestation, the dog dog breeds including Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers,
could go into shock. The shock is caused by enzymes and toxins Poodles, Pointers, Doberman Pinschers, and White German
secreted by the maggots. Shepherds.

Myositis: Is a condition in which skeletal muscles are damaged by Necrosis: The death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue
a non-infectious inflammatory process dominated by lymphocytic due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply.
infiltration. This condition can affect only one muscle, or an entire
group of muscles, such as the masticatory muscles and the eye Necrotizing meningoencephalitis: Also known as Pug dog
muscles, and can cause debilitating symptoms. Signs of myositis encephalitis, is a sporadic, fatal, inflammatory disease of the
are generally sudden in onset. It is most common in Cavalier King central nervous system, typically with both a rapid onset and
Charles Spaniels, German Shepherds, and Golden Retrievers. progression leading to death within 2-3 months despite aggressive
treatment. In necrotizing meningoencephalitis, lesions are very
N inflammatory with meningitis. Typically, there are a minimal
amount of inflammatory lesions located in the cerebellum,
brainstem and spinal cord. Symptoms may include seizures,
blindness, circling, abnormal mentation and behavior changes,
trouble walking, cervical pain, fever, head tilt, deafness, falling,
Narcolepsy: Is excessive daytime sleepiness, lethargy, or brief facial paralysis, trouble swallowing, and weakness in limbs.
periods of collapse and unconsciousness that resolve spontaneously. Dog breeds predisposed to this condition include Pugs, Maltese,
Narcolepsy is often linked to another neurologic disorder called Chihuahuas, Pekingese, Boston Terriers, Shih Tzus, Coton du
cataplexy that results in temporary muscle paralysis and loss Tulear, and Papillons.
of reflexes. Episodes last a few seconds or several minutes and
often occur when the pet is eating, playing, or excited. Affected Neoplasia: The formation of a tumour, a new and abnormal
animals usually develop one or more of the following symptoms: growth where cell multiplication has become uncontrolled and
excessive daytime drowsiness, prolonged periods of sleep during progressive.
the daytime, rapid onset of periods of deep sleep (lasting seconds
to minutes), collapse into lateral (lying on the side) or sternal Neosporosis: Is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite
(lying on the stomach), difficulty rousing from sleep, abrupt loss Neospora caninum. Dogs are definitive hosts of N. caninum and
of consciousness, abrupt return to consciousness or wakefulness can pass on infection via the sporulated oocysts (the fertilized
(usually spontaneous), paralysis (partial to complete; often ovum of the N. caninum parasite) present in their feces. Infection
involves the lower legs or the head and neck), muscle twitching is uncommon but can be acquired by ingesting contaminated food
(especially around the face, eyes and lower limbs), and rapid eye and water, or ingesting infected tissues. It may also be transferred
movements (REM sleep). Narcolepsy is hereditary in Labrador
Retrievers, Poodles, Dachshunds, and Doberman Pinschers. from a mother to a fetus still in the womb (transplacentally).
Neosporosis is associated with tissue damage from the rupture of
Nasal cancer: For dogs, nasal tumors make up 1-2% of all types of a cyst and subsequent invasion of tachyzoite microorganisms – the
tumors in dogs, and about 80% of the nasal tumors are malignant. stage at which the sporozoite organism multiplies rapidly in the
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type, followed by sarcomas tissues throughout the body. It is a disease similar to toxoplasmosis.
such as fiborsarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Nasal tumors are slow In dogs less than six months of age, symptoms usually include
to metastasize, but when they do it is generally to local lymph nodes stiffness of the pelvic limbs (back legs), paralysis distinguished
or to the lungs. Up to 30% of nasal tumors in dogs will spread to by gradual muscle atrophy progressing to rigid contracting of the
the lungs. Early stages signs include excessive sneezing, bloody limbs. In older dogs, the central nervous system is more likely
nasal discharge (initially one-sided), noisy breathing, exercise to be involved, leading to symptoms such as seizures, tremors,
intolerance, facial swelling, decreased appetite due to worsening behavioral changes, and blindness.
sense of smell, and mild weight loss. Late stage signs include
profuse nasal bleeding, facial deformity, open mouth breathing, Nephrolithiasis: Is the condition marked by the presence of
continuous panting, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea (black and tarry), renal calculi or kidney stones. Kidney stones can be made up of
vision loss, dull mentation, and seizures. It is thought that long- several types of minerals, including uric acid, calcium oxalate,
nosed breed dogs (e.g. Collies) living in urban environments are at struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), cysteine, and
higher risk for the development of nasal tumors. calcium phosphate. Signs of kidney stones in dogs include bloody
urination, abdominal pain, recurrent urinary tract infections, and
vomiting. Some breeds of dog are more susceptible to certain

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